![]() Spontaneous and voluntary modulation of pupil fluctuations has also been used to facilitate human–computer interaction in normal subjects ( Mathôt et al., 2016 Beggiato et al., 2018 Ponzio et al., 2019) and patients with severe motor disabilities. Higher cognitive and emotional processes are also able to evoke tonic or phasic pupillary changes, such as attention ( Binda et al., 2013a), memory load ( Wierda et al., 2012), novelty ( Angulo-Chavira et al., 2017 Krebs et al., 2018 Montes-Lourido et al., 2021), pain ( Connelly et al., 2014 Azevedo-Santos and DeSantana, 2018 Charier et al., 2019), and more general cortical sensory processing ( Binda et al., 2013b Lee and Margolis, 2016) in humans and in animal models.Ī growing body of work shows how pupillometry can be used as a possible biomarker for numerous neurologic and psychiatric conditions in early development and adult subjects ( Aleman et al., 2004 Blaser et al., 2014 Rorick-Kehn et al., 2014 Frost et al., 2017 Nyström et al., 2018 Chougule et al., 2019 Gajardo et al., 2019 Oh et al., 2019, 2020 Artoni et al., 2020 Burley and van Goozen, 2020 Iadanza et al., 2020 Obinata et al., 2020 Winston et al., 2020 El Ahmadieh et al., 2021). Light level is the primary determinant of pupil size, although non-light-driven pupil fluctuations, widely assumed as an indicator of arousal through locus coeruleus activity, can be used to index brain state across species ( McGinley et al., 2015 Lee and Margolis, 2016 Reimer et al., 2016). ![]() Pupillometry, the measurement of pupil size fluctuations over time, provides useful insights into clinical settings and basic research activity. The tested model performances indicate that the tool is sensitive enough to detect both locomotor-induced and stimulus-evoked pupillary changes, and its output is comparable to state-of-the-art commercial devices. ![]() Because a modern web browser is the only software requirement, this choice is of great interest given its easy deployment and setup time reduction. This solution dramatically simplifies the usage of the tool for the nonspecialist and nontechnical operators. Here, we introduce a convolutional neural network that performs online pupillometry in both mice and humans in a web app format. Both in mice and humans, pupillometry is noninvasive and allows for longitudinal experiments supporting temporal specificity however, its measure requires dedicated setups. Studies in mouse models have used pupillometry for phenotypic assessment and as a proxy for arousal. Pupil dynamics alterations have been found in patients affected by a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, including autism.
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